Writing a screenplay involves a specific format and structure that is essential for conveying your story effectively to potential readers, producers, and actors. Here are some guidelines to help you write a screenplay in the proper format:
- Use screenwriting software: Screenplays are typically written using specialized software such as Final Draft, Celtx, or WriterDuet. These tools automatically format your script according to industry standards and make the writing process more efficient.
- Follow the standard format: Screenplays have a specific layout and structure. Use a standard font (Courier or Courier New) and set your page size to US Letter (8.5″ x 11″) or A4 (8.27″ x 11.69″). Margins should be approximately 1 inch on all sides. Use 12-point font size for character names, scene headings, and action descriptions, and 10-point font size for dialogue.
- Title page: The title page should include the title of your screenplay centered on the page, followed by your contact information (name, address, phone number, and email) in the bottom left or right corner.
- Scene headings: Each scene starts with a scene heading, also known as a slugline. It consists of three elements: the INT. (interior) or EXT. (exterior) to denote the location, followed by the location name, and the time of day. For example:
INT. LIVING ROOM – DAY
- Action descriptions: Describe the action and settings in present tense and use concise, visual language. Keep paragraphs short and focused, and avoid excessive details or camera directions. Use active verbs and be specific in your descriptions.
- Character names: Introduce your characters in capital letters the first time they appear in the action descriptions. Subsequent mentions can be in uppercase or title case. Place the character’s name above their dialogue, centered, and in uppercase.
- Dialogue: Start a new line each time a different character speaks. Use centered, uppercase character names followed by their dialogue. Keep dialogue concise, natural, and avoid excessive exposition. Use parentheticals sparingly to indicate tone or actions related to the dialogue.
- Transitions: Transitions are used to indicate a change in time or location. Some common transitions include CUT TO:, DISSOLVE TO:, and FADE OUT. However, it’s generally best to keep transitions to a minimum, as they can be seen as directorial choices.
- Parentheticals: Parentheticals are brief descriptions that provide additional information about how a character speaks a line. Use them sparingly, only when necessary to clarify the meaning or intention behind the dialogue. It’s easier to sell if you don’t tell the director how to do their craft.
- Formatting conventions: Capitalize sounds, props, and significant actions that need emphasis. Use uppercase for off-screen dialogue or voice-overs. Use ellipses (…) to indicate a pause in dialogue, and em dashes (–) to denote interruptions.
- Page numbering: Number your pages in the top right corner, starting from the second page. The title page is not numbered.
Here are the key elements of plot point structure and plot structure:
- Plot Point Structure: Plot point structure refers to specific moments or events within a screenplay that drive the story forward and create significant turning points. These plot points are essential for maintaining audience engagement and building narrative momentum. Here’s a breakdown of the typical plot point structure:
- Inciting Incident: This is the event or situation that disrupts the protagonist’s ordinary life and sets the story in motion. It introduces the central conflict or goal.
- First Act Turning Point (End of Act One): This is a major plot point that occurs around 25% of the way into the screenplay. It propels the protagonist into a new direction, often forcing them to confront the central conflict head-on.
- Midpoint: The midpoint occurs around the halfway mark of the screenplay. It is a significant event that alters the course of the story. It can introduce a major twist, reveal new information, or change the protagonist’s goals and motivations.
- Second Act Turning Point (End of Act Two): This is another major turning point that occurs around 75% of the way into the screenplay. It raises the stakes, presents a major obstacle, or pushes the protagonist to a low point.
- Climax: The climax is the most intense point of the story. It’s the final confrontation between the protagonist and the central conflict. The outcome of the climax determines the resolution of the story.
- Resolution: The resolution provides closure to the story. It reveals the aftermath of the climax and shows how the characters have changed or what they have learned.
- Three-Act Structure: The three-act structure is a common framework used in screenwriting. It divides the screenplay into three acts, each serving a specific purpose:
- Act One (Setup): This is the first quarter of the screenplay. It establishes the characters, their goals, and the world of the story. The inciting incident occurs near the end of Act One, propelling the story forward.
- Act Two (Confrontation): Act Two is the longest section, comprising approximately the middle half of the screenplay. It presents obstacles, conflicts, and rising tension. The midpoint occurs around the middle of Act Two and creates a significant shift or revelation.
- Act Three (Resolution): This is the final quarter of the screenplay. It contains the second act turning point, leading to the climax and resolution of the story. It wraps up loose ends, resolves conflicts, and provides a satisfying conclusion.
It’s important to note that while the three-act structure provides a useful framework, it’s not a rigid formula. Different stories may require variations or modifications to best serve the narrative. The key is to maintain a strong narrative arc, engaging characters, and compelling conflicts throughout your screenplay.
By combining the proper format with a well-structured plot and plot point structure, you can create a screenplay that captivates readers and has the potential to be translated into a successful film.
Keep Calm and Jester On!